在网上找驼峰站的视频发现老美还有这货

Lion2013

如题，注意看这台Norfolk Southern 3004号机车（EMD GP40-2）身后的那矮个子NS #912



后边这节车的型号是RP-E4，最开始我以为是没有驾驶室的B-Unit，后来发现不是那么回事，因为它既没有散热器，也没有排气口。

后来在维基百科上找到了这车的资料，它叫“Slug”
维基百科链接：（英文，无需翻墙）
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slug_%28railroad%29

我慢慢回帖说吧

Lion2013

首先在谷歌翻译上，slug做名词意为金属块，懒汉，铅条和小毛虫；做动词则是懒汉和揍（就是打架的那个揍）

维基百科上说Slug是一种柴油机车附件，它的走行部与机车一样，有牵引电机，但跟B-unit不同的是它没有柴油机、主发等装置为其供电，它是由“母机（Mother，就是与它连接在一起的完整机车，比如上图NS #3004是NS #912的母机）”提供电力和电机控制。

维基百科原文：

A railroad slug is an accessory to a diesel-electric locomotive. It has trucks with traction motors but, unlike a B unit, is unable to move about under its own power, as it does not contain a prime mover to produce electricity, nor is there a cab for an operator. Instead, it is connected to a locomotive, called the mother, which provides the needed electrical power to operate the traction motors, and the motor controls.

Lion2013

直接翻译词条吧：
A slug is used to increase adhesive weight, allowing full power to be applied at a lower speed, thus allowing a higher maximum tractive effort.
Slug用于增加黏着重量，允许在更低的速度（应该是低于持续速度）下输出最大功率和最大牵引力。
They are often used in low-speed operations such as switching operations in yards.
它们通常应用于编组场内的调车任务。
At low speeds, a diesel-electric locomotive prime mover is capable of producing more electricity than its traction motors can use effectively.
在低速状况下，机车的柴油机输出可能会超过电机耐受范围。
Extra power would simply cause the wheels to slip and possibly overheat the traction motors.
过多的功率输出除了会造成轮对打滑，还会造成牵引电机过热。
A slug increases the number of traction motors available to the locomotive, increasing both the pulling and braking power.
Slug增加了牵引电机的数量，也同时增加了牵引和制动力。
In addition the load on each traction motor is reduced, which helps prevent overheating from excess current.
同时，每台牵引电机的负载被减小，也就避免电流过载造成的过热。
Slugs typically carry ballast to increase their weight and improve traction.
Slug一般会带有配重，以增加自重（黏着重量）来提高牵引能力。
Large blocks of concrete are frequently used for this purpose, substituting for the weight of the now-absent prime mover.
这种情况下会用大水泥块来替代母机的柴油机等部件的重量。



简单点说Slug是用来降低机车持续速度的。

Lion2013

Slugs can be built new or converted from existing locomotives.
Slug可以新造，也可以用机车改装。
Conversion has enjoyed popularity as a way to reuse otherwise obsolete locomotives, especially those with worn-out diesels and good traction motors.
相比之下用机车改装的更多一些，这样可以充分利用退役机车，尤其是柴油机到寿命了但牵引电机状况不错的机车。

Lion2013

There are several types of slug, distinguished by intended use.
按照预期用途，Slug可以分为几个类别。
Note that as with diesel locomotives in general, this division is not absolute, and characteristics of one type may appear on another.
但需要注意，因为它一般需要跟柴油机车配合使用，所以这种类别区分也不绝对，有的时候这个类别的特征也会在另一个类别上出现。

Lion2013

Yard slugs
调机Slug
A yard slug is designed for switching, and therefore is built to increase visibility in low speed operation.
调机Slug主要用于调车/小运转使用，在低速运用的情况下可以增加视野。
It has a low body and no cab, allowing the engineer or driver in the powered unit to see past it.
这种Slug车体较矮，没有驾驶室，不会影响母机驾驶室里司机的视野。
Mother-slug sets are used in heavy switching, hump yard switching, and transfer runs between yards.
母机-Slug车组用于大吨位调车、驼峰推送以及小运转。
Some are radio controlled without an operating engineer present in the cab.
有些是无线电遥控的，驾驶员无需在驾驶室里操作。（这句话有可能是指母机，因为我知道欧洲有支持遥控的调机，美国可能也有）


SNCF Class 030 DA (后称 C 61000) 与一台 TC 61100 slug 用于调车运用.

Lion2013

Hump slugs
驼峰Slug

A hump slug is designed for even slower operation than a yard slug.
驼峰Slug用于比调机Slug速度更慢的运用。
They are often 6 axle slugs and are often paired with lower powered six axle locomotives.
驼峰Slug一般是6轴，通常搭配小功率6轴机车使用。
They are designed for the specialized purpose of pushing a long cut of cars over a hump at 2 to 3 miles per hour, while yard slugs would normally operate at up to 10 to 15 mph.
它们专用于推送列车以时速2-3英里（3.2-4.8公里）通过驼峰的工况，而调机Slug一般用于时速10-15英里（16-24公里）的工况

XML6125J18CN

老美好玩的东西真多。

XML6125J18CN

本来还想在中文的找找，结果没有。

Lion2013

Road slugs
干线Slug

Road slugs are intended to serve as part of a regular locomotive consist for road haulage, and as a result have certain adaptations to suit them for this service.
干线Slug作为干线机车的一部分，具有一定的适应性。
They usually retain dynamic brakes, a feature useless at the low speeds encountered in switching service, and they may be equipped to serve as fuel tenders for the attached "mother" locomotives.
干线Slug一般会保留机车制动，不过这个功能在调车作业中遇到的低速状况下没太大作用。干线Slug可以为母机提供一个额外的油箱。
In operation, they are used to provide extra traction at low speeds.
在实际运用中，它主要用于增加低速牵引力。
As speed increases they are disconnected from the power circuit and function as a control cab if they are in the lead, or simply as an unpowered car in the consist.
当列车速度提高到一定程度之后，母机就不再向Slug供电，此时如果Slug位于列首，它会作为一个驾驶室使用，否则就作为普通车辆。
In braking they augment the powered locomotives, both during dynamic and air brake application.
在制动的时候它可以和正常机车一样提供电阻制动和气制动（干线Slug里边应该有空压机）。
Road slugs may take several forms.
干线Slug本身也有几种。
A group of GP30 and GP35 locomotives were converted by CSX and operated as half of "mother-slug" pairs.
CSX曾经改装了一些GP30和GP35机车，作为“半母机”运用。
Externally they retain the general appearance of powered diesel-electric locomotives, though they can be identified by the lack of radiators and the removal of most of the access doors on the side of the body.
外观上它很像一台完整的柴油机车，但没有散热器孔和车体两侧的门，所以还是很容易被认出来的。
They retain the cab and its controls, and therefore multiple unit control allows them to function as the lead in a string of units.
这种干线Slug保留驾驶室和控制器，因此在重联机车组中它可以置于列首。
The TEBU units created on the Southern Pacific Railroad from General Electric U25Bs, on the other hand, were cabless; this potential operational deficiency was compensated for by putting them as the center unit of a set of three.
另一种干线Slug是TEBU，是南太平洋铁路（Southern Pacific Railroad）由通用电气（General Electric）的U25B机车改装的。这种Slug没有驾驶室，所以主要被安排在两台机车之间组成3节机车组。
When at one end of a set, train crews will often go to great lengths to arrange for the slug to be the leading unit, as the lack of a diesel prime mover provides them with a quiet and vibration-free ride.
如果Slug在机车组的一端，编组人员一般会尽量将它置于列首，因为它没有柴油机，也就没有了噪音和震动，从而为司机提供一个良好的驾驶环境。

Lion2013

上图为由EMD GP40改装的干线Slug CSX #2358 ，下图CSX #6447为完整的GP40，注意看散热器位置。

Lion2013

MATE

MATEs appear similar to slugs, but their design is different.
MATE与Slug类似，但设计不同。
Instead of siphoning-off power as a slug does, the axles in a MATE are fully connected into the transition series in the locomotive it is connected to.
MATE的动轴始终与母机的传动系连接在一起，而Slug只在低速状况下与母机传动系链接在一起。
A double-ended MATE (a MATE with connections on both ends) turns two four-axle locomotives into the equivalent of two fully fledged six-axle locomotives.
双端MATE（两端都有接口）可以将两台4轴机车连接到一起，从而获得等同于两台6轴机车的效果。
A single-ended mate turns a four-axle locomotive into the equivalent of an eight-axle locomotive.
单端MATE则可以与一台四轴机车组合成8轴机车的效果。

MATEs do not cut out at speed as the motors are fully included in the series–parallel transition stages.
MATE的牵引电机不会在列车速度起来之后被切掉，它们始终包含在列车牵引网络中。
SCL's GE U36B fleet is the prime example: they were delivered new with special electrical cabinets to handle the 2 to 4 extra motors in a MATE.
SCL的GE U36B车队就是一个典型例子：这些机车配置的新电气柜可以格外控制MATE里的2-4台电机。
With a double-ended MATE, two U36Bs were equivalent to two U36Cs in every way.
在任何情况下，2台U36B都可以与一台双端MATE组合起来当两台U36C使用。
Some railroads emulated this concept by using two GP40s, then swapping in six-axle Dash 2 electrical cabinets, and then connecting the GP40s to a double-ended slug rebuilt from an old locomotive.
有的铁路公司效仿了这种方式，他们将两台GP40（4轴）机车的电气柜换成6轴DASH 2机车的电气柜，然后与一台用旧机车改装的双端Slug组合起来。
The result is the equivalent of two SD40-2s.
运用起来相当于两台SD40-2机车。

Lion2013

其他术语

Slugs are known by other names as well. Some are:
Slug有的时候也有其他名字，比如：

Drone (used by the Santa Fe)
Drone，圣太菲铁路（BNSF的前身之一）

MATE (Motors for Added Tractive Effort, used by GE)
MATE，增加牵引力的电机，GE

RDMT (Road MATE), used by CSX Transportation
RDMT，干线MATE，CSX

RDMATE (used by EMD).
RDMATE，EMD

TEBU (Tractive Effort Booster Unit, used by Morrison Knudsen and SP)
TEBU，牵引助力单元，Morrison Knudsen 和南太平洋铁路

TEBC (Tractive Effort Booster Cab, BN/BNSF cabbed slugs)
TEBC，带驾驶室的牵引助力单元，BN/BNSF，带驾驶室的Slug

TEBCU (Tractive Effort Booster Cab Unit, BN/BNSF cabbed slugs)
TEBCU带驾驶室的牵引助力单元，BN/BNSF，带驾驶室的Slug

Hump Booster, used by Canadian National
Hump Booster，驼峰助力，加拿大国家铁路

The CCRCLs (Control Car Remote Control Locomotives) used by Union Pacific are sometimes called slugs. This designation is incorrect as the CCRCLs do not have traction motors.
联合太平洋铁路的CCRCL(遥控机车的控制车)有的时候也被叫做Slug，这种叫法是不正确的，因为CCRCL没有牵引电机。

Slugs should also not be confused with snails, a term sometimes used to refer to the power source of a rotary snowplow.
Slug也不能与“蜗牛”混淆，这个术语一般是指用于驱动带有旋转雪犁的动力源。

旋转雪犁

Lion2013

最后在送一张图，搜索GP40图片时候偶然得到一张很可爱的手绘图

CSX #6038，EMD GP40-2，下图为其真身

标题：Geepy the CSX GP40-2
作者：Silverwolf-1ofmany
链接（无需翻墙）：http://silverwolf-1ofmany.devian ... SX-GP40-2-168151805

Lion2013

XML6125J18CN 发表于 2016-4-20 16:45
老美好玩的东西真多。

实际上这车，从我个人理解，废物利用的成分很大，很多Slug都是从废旧机车改装来的。

Lion2013

在同一个网站还找到了几张，一并发上来：


作者：AT- The Alice Express
作者：Kayoll
链接（无需翻墙，下同）：http://kayoll.deviantart.com/art/AT-The-Alice-Express-162101774


标题：RE- Fly Trevor
作者：Kayoll
链接：http://kayoll.deviantart.com/art/RE-Fly-Trevor-165671758


标题：AC6000CW 'Rave' scheme
作者：AC6000
链接：http://ac6000.deviantart.com/art/AC6000CW-Rave-scheme-165653698


标题：Rock Island Rooster
作者：metalheadrailfan
链接：http://metalheadrailfan.devianta ... d-Rooster-538417072

Lion2013

XML6125J18CN 发表于 2016-4-20 16:51
本来还想在中文的找找，结果没有。

那个词条没有中文版。而且维基的大部分中文版词条好像都需要翻墙才能看，反正我以前查询过的几个词条的中文版本都需要翻墙才能看

冯小先生

Lion2013 发表于 2016-4-20 19:28
那个词条没有中文版。而且维基的大部分中文版词条好像都需要翻墙才能看，反正我以前查询过的几个词条的中 ...

维基不是大多数，是全部都得翻

Lion2013

冯小先生 发表于 2016-4-20 20:05
维基不是大多数，是全部都得翻

也许吧，但是咱讲话得尽量严密是吧，一旦有漏网的呢

unsonique

中文维基已经全面崩坏了