本帖最后由 中铁集团 于 2013-3-13 12:19 编辑
珠穆朗玛 发表于 2013-3-13 11:55 
戈尔巴乔夫在苏联历史上是有积极作用的人物，至少他让东欧人民有了自由选择道路的权利，让苏联人民获得了 ...
所谓的自由选择显然是一个赤裸裸的欺骗而已。
东欧人民被选择，被那些变质的垄断官僚选择而已
，所谓的民猪也只是那些官僚的民猪而已，百姓只是
做个陪衬，被当成了忽悠工具。
1991年3月17日苏联唯一一次全民公1991年3月17日苏联全民公投70%以上的人要求保留苏联投70%以上的人要求保留苏联而不是解体苏联
（不过要注意这个公投主要是就是否分裂苏联而进行的而不是要不要保留苏联苏维埃制度，这个制度即工人阶级民主制早没有了，也不是要不要保留苏联公有制计划经济和官僚主义而进行的，所以这个公投结果只是表明反对苏联加盟共和国的分离而解体苏联而不是反对其他。或者说这公投不能反映苏联人是否支持所谓的社会主义制度或是否支持公有制计划经济或者是否支持官僚主义等等问题）我这样提的目的是说明，这个公投不是如某些人说的苏联人70%维护苏联制度（这个我们不能通过这个公投知道），我们只能通过这个公投知道70%的苏联人希望各加盟共和国作为一个整体存在。
70% 通过了保留苏联
苏联的解体完全是官僚阶层为了转换为真正的资本家而进行的恶意的反民主行为
Soviet Union referendum, 1991
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the Russian Wikipedia. (January 2013)
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Voting bulletin
A referendum on the future of the Soviet Union was held on 17 March 1991. The question put to voters was
Do you consider necessary the preservation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as a renewed federation of equal sovereign republics in which the rights and freedom of an individual of any nationality will be fully guaranteed?[1]
In Kazakhstan the wording of the referendum was changed by substituting "equal sovereign states" for "equal sovereign republics."[2]
Although the vote was boycotted by the authorities in Armenia, Estonia, Georgia (though not the breakaway province of Abkhazia, where the result was over 98% in favour,[3] and in South Ossetia),[4] Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova (though not Transnistria or Gagauzia),[5] turnout was 80% across the USSR.[2] The referendum was approved by at least 70% of voters in all nine other republics that took part. It was the first, and only, referendum in the history of the Soviet Union, which was dissolved on 26 December 1991.
Contents
1 Result
1.1 In participating republics
1.2 In republics not participating to the Soviet referendums
2 Additional questions
2.1 Kyrgyz SSR
2.2 Ukrainian SSR
2.3 Uzbek SSR
3 See also
4 References
Result
Choice Votes %
For 113,512,812 77.8
Against 32,303,977 22.2
Invalid/blank votes 2,757,817 –
Total 148,574,606 100
Registered voters/turnout 185,647,355 80.0
Source: Nohlen & Stöver[6]
In participating republics
Republic For Against Invalid
votes Total
votes Registered
voters Turnout
Votes % Votes %
Republic of Azerbaijan 2,709,246 94.12 169,225 5.88 25,326 2,903,797 3,866,659 75.10
Byelorussian SSR 5,069,313 83.72 986,079 16.28 71,591 6,126,983 7,354,796 83.31
Kazakh SSR 8,295,519 95.00 436,560 5.00 84,464 8,816,543 9,999,433 88.17
Kirghiz SSR 2,057,971 95.98 86,246 4.02 30,377 2,174,593 2,341,646 92.87
Russian SFSR 56,860,783 73.00 21,030,753 27.00 1,809,633 79,701,169 105,643,364 75.44
Tajik SSR 2,315,755 96.85 75,300 3.15 16,497 2,407,552 2,549,096 94.45
Turkmen SSR 1,766,584 98.26 31,203 1.74 6,531 1,804,310 1,846,310 97.66
Ukrainian SSR 22,110,899 71.48 8,820,089 28.52 583,256 31,514,244 37,732,178 83.52
Uzbek SSR 9,196,848 94.73 511,373 5.27 108,112 9,816,333 10,287,938 95.42
Source: Direct Democracy
A boycott campaign reduced the Against votes in Western Ukraine.[7]
In republics not participating to the Soviet referendums
First, it must be noted an official referendum had been held in Estonia on 3 March 1991 whether to re-establish the Estonian republic that had been occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940. The result was 77.8% in favour of re-establishing the Estonian republic.[8]Also Latvia held an official referendum on 3 March 1991 where the overwhelming majority voted to re-establish the independent Latvian republic.[9]
Consequently, in these republics pro-Soviet front-organisations organised voluntary referendums without official sanction.[10][11] Turnout of voting here was considerably less than 50% of the franchised voters of these countries, but this information was not included in the official statement of the Central Commission of the Referendum of USSR.[12]
Republic For Against Invalid
votes Total
votes Registered
voters Turnout
Votes % Votes %
Republic of Armenia 2,541 72.46 966 27.54 42 3,549 4,923 72.09
Republic of Georgia[13] 43,950 99.98 9 0.02 53 44,012 45,696 96.31
Republic of Estonia 211,090 95.46 10,040 4.54 1,110 222,240 299,681 74.16
Republic of Latvia 415,147 95.84 18,015 4.16 3,621 436,783 670,828 65.11
Republic of Lithuania 496,050 99.13 4,355 0.87 970 436,783 582,262 86.11
SSR Moldova 688,905 98.72 8,916 1.28 3,072 700,893 841,507 83.29
Source: Direct Democracy
Additional questions
In several of the republics, additional questions were added to the ballot. In Russia, an additional question was asked on whether elective post of the president of the Russian SFSR should be created. In Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan the additional question was on the sovereignty of their republics as part of a new union.[2]
Kyrgyz SSR
In the Kyrgyz SSR, voters were also asked "Do you agree that the Republic of Kyrgyzstan should be in the renewed Union as a sovereign republic with equal rights?" It was approved by 62.2% of voters, although turnout was only 81.7%, compared to 92.9% in the Union-wide referendum.[14]
Choice Votes %
For
62.2
Against
37.8
Invalid/blank votes
–
Total
100
Source: Nohlen et al.
Ukrainian SSR
In the Ukrainian SSR, voters were also asked "Do you agree that Ukraine should be part of a Union of Soviet sovereign states on the basis on the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine?"[15] The proposal was approved by 81.7% of voters.[15]
Choice Votes %
For 25,224,687 81.7
Against 5,655,701 18.3
Invalid/blank votes 584,703 –
Total 31,465,091 100
Registered voters/turnout 37,689,767 83.5
Source: Nohlen & Stöver
Uzbek SSR
In the Uzbek SSR, voters were also asked "Do you agree that Uzbekistan should remain part of a renewed Union (federation) as a sovereign republic with equal rights?" It was approved by 94.9% of voters, with a turnout of 95.5%.[1]
Choice Votes %
For
94.9
Against
5.1
Invalid/blank votes
1.1
Total 9,824,304 100
Source: Nohlen et al.
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楼主: 子青
发表于 2013-3-13 10:40:44
