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发表于 2009-3-9 03:37:19
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原文地址(要翻墙才能看，不知道wordpress.com惹了谁了)：
http://streamlinesupplychain.wor ... us-indian-railways/
All of us have repeatedly heard about the “success” of the Indian Railways under the stewardship of the current railway administration. So much so that the “success” of the Indian Railways has become a fashionable case study in Harvard Business School and the subject of lectures in IIM, Ahmedabad , INSEAD and Harvard Business School.
我们总是反复的听到在印度铁路当局的工作下印度铁路的种种“成功”。印度铁路是如此的“成功”以至于成为哈佛商业学校的时髦课题和印度金属学会、 Ahmedabad、INSEAD和哈佛商业学校的演讲课题。
No doubt the Indian Railways has made progress. But the progress is relative- compared to other government agencies and departments in India– which is not to say much!
毫无疑问印度铁路在进步。但是进步是相对的——用印度部门来比较其他国家的机构——不能说多！
But how does the progress of the Indian Railways compare on a absolute scale?
印度铁路在进步的绝对指标上的比较又如何呢？
To take an objective look at the “success” of the Indian Railways, let us compare the Chinese Railways and Indian Railways. After all, everyone and everyone’s analysts are comparing China and India.
客观的审视印度铁路的“进步”，让我们比较中国铁路和印度铁路，毕竟所有人和所有人的分析在比较中国和印度。
Let us start at the beginning…..
让我们开始。。。
The first Chinese Railway train was operated in 1876, from Shanghai to Woosung (15 miles) nearly a quarter of a century after the first train in India was run in April 1853 between Bori Bunder and Thane (21miles)
中国第一条铁路创建于1876年，上海到吴淞，15英里，比印度第一条铁路Bori Bunder到Thane，21英里1853年4月开始运行，晚了四分之一世纪。
In 1945, China had 27,000 km of rail, of track. In 1947, when India got independence, India had 53596 Route kms of track- thanks to the British! Net, net China had just about ½ the route kilometres of India in the mid- 1940s. And that too for a much larger area.
1945年，中国有27000公里轨道。1947年印度独立时拥有53596运营公里，感谢不列颠！1940年代中期中国只有印度的一半运营公里。
How do they compare today? Chinese Railways today has 78,000 route kilometres, overtaking India sometime in the mid 1990s making only the rail networks in the USA and Russia larger in size. The total track length is 154,600km. By contrast Indian Railways has stagnated at 63,327 route kilometres of network.
今天他们比较起来怎么样？中国铁路有78000运营公里，1990年代中期超越了印度铁路，铁路网仅次于美国和俄国。总轨道长度154600公里，相反的是印度铁路停滞地拥有63327运营公里的网络。
The Indian Railways has suffered from the same neglect and apathy towards creating a solid foundation of infrastructure, as our roads, power, irrigation, airports.
As of 2007, Chinese Railway owned about 578,000 freight wagons, 44,000 coaches and 18,300 locomotives. India had 225000 freight wagons, 45000 passenger coaches and 8300 locomotives.
2007年，中国铁路拥有578000货车车厢，44000客车车厢，18300车头。印度铁路拥有225000货车车厢，45000客车车厢，8300车头。
This vast difference in the number of freight wagons and locomotives explains why Indian railways carries less than a quarter, ~22%, of the freight carried by the Chinese Railways.
巨大的货车车厢和车头的差异解释了为了印度铁路只运送了不到四分之一，中国铁路运送的货物的22%。
In 1950 Indian Railways carried 44 billion freight tonne km, against 39 billion in the case of Chinese Railways.
1950年，印度铁路运松了440亿吨公里，中国是390亿吨公里。
Last year, India moved 750 Million MT of freight last year while China moved 4. 5 times that i.e 3300 Million MT of freight.
去年，印度运送了7.5亿吨货物，中国运动了4.5倍，33亿吨。
On a global basis, China’s rail transport volume is one of the world’s largest, having six percent of the world’s operating railways, and carrying 25 percent of the world’s total railway workload.
全球基础上，中国的运输量是世界上最大的，拥有6%的运营铁路，运送了25%的铁路运力。
China regularly runs heavy-haul freight transportation speed limit to 120 km/h. The highest speed notched up for a freight train, on the Indian Railways is 100 km/h (62 mph) for a 4,700 metric tonne load.
中国运行了重载运输，速度限制是120km/h。印度铁路货车完成了高速，100km/h速度对于4700吨负荷。
The Chinese Railways plans to spend US$ 292 billion ~ 15 lakh crore [ 1lakh = 0.1million = 100000, 1crore = 10million = 10000000] over 10 years. This translates to Rs 1.5lakh crore per year spent on the Chinese Railways for Capital Expenditure. In contrast the Indian Railways spends just a quarter (1/4) of what the Chinese Railways spends. The proposed investment for the 2008-2009 fiscal year is Rs. 37,500 cr, which in itself 21% more than for the previous fiscal year.
未来10年，中国铁路计划花费2920亿刀，15千万十万（印度人对于大数字习惯用十万和千万这样的量）卢比。翻译过来就是中国铁路每年在基本建设上投入1.5千万十万卢比。相反的，印度铁路只有中国铁路的四分之一，提议的2008~09财年预算是37500十万卢比，比上一年提高了21%。
And passengers? Indian railways moved 6.2 billion passengers while China moved 1.4 billion passengers. What is to be noted is that out of the 6.2 billion passengers that Indian railways carried, 1.1 billion are Mumbai suburban passengers which are short lead passengers and can be considered a different subsidiary.
客运量？印度铁路运送了62亿人次，中国铁路运送了14亿人次。请注意，在印度铁路运送到62亿人次中，短途孟买市郊铁路就运送了11亿人次，可以认为是附带的差异。
However the quality of passenger travel in the Chinese Railway is far superior. Chinese has express trains with speeds of 300kms/hr. Maximum speed of a passenger train in India is about half of the Chinese Railways at 160kms/ hr. The pictures of the Chinese High-Speed Railway (CHR) will give you an idea of the qualitative difference in passenger rail travel between China and India.
The Chinese Railways depended on steam locomotives till the 21st century while India phased out their steam locomotives ahead of the Chinese in 1990s. In December 2005, the world’s last regular revenue mainline steam train finished its journey on the Jitong Railway marking the end of steam era. Nevertheless, there are still some steam locomotives used in the industrial railways in China.
The Chinese Railways are organized in a more modern and business-like manner. Five major railway corporations — one each for rolling stock, railway construction, goods and materials, civil engineering, signalling and telecommunications — have been separated from transport enterprises and made autonomous, although state-owned. A number of passenger and freight transport companies have been created to operate on a competitive basis. These enterprises will finally be regrouped into three to five larger, separate companies.
The government has encouraged local authorities to build and operate their own railways up to 2,000 km. By the end of 1999, there were approximately 75 local railways with a total route-length of 4,800 km. About 20 more such projects, totalling 1,800 km, are under construction. To attract foreign capital, Chinese rail enterprises are encouraged to issue stocks on overseas stock markets. In 2001, their ministry of railways (MoR) also approved foreign participation in rail freight transport.
In contrast, as with most things in this country- education system, justice system, government (IAS, IPS …), we have just taken what the British have given us and using them without Indianizing and modifying it to the changing needs and requirements. We have the Railway Board, under the Ministry of Railways – the same structure that the British setup more than 100 years ago!!
Employees Chinese Railways employs 3.18million people while the Indian Railways has employs 1.6millionemployees. This translates to a productivity of 1308 MT/ employee on the Chinese Railways, double that of the 652MT / employee on the Indian Railways.
中国铁路雇佣了318万人，印度铁路雇员数量是160万。翻译过来就是中国铁路生产率是1308吨/雇员，是印度铁路652吨/雇员的2倍。
The Chinese Railways has already linked itself to the Europe and runs regular container trains. This is an alternative to the sea-route to Europe. This is part of the Pan-Asia rail network plan.
The railway to Tibet makes Chinese logistics and supply lines so accessible in case of a conflict with India. While India is just now built a part of the railway line in Kashmir and is just now planning a railway to Sikkim. A railway to Arunachal Pradesh is nowhere close to planning.
So to summarize, here is a table.
Indian Railways Chinese Railways
Route kms (1945/1947) 53396 27000
Route kms (current) 63327 78000
Freight Carried (Billion MT per year) 750 3300
Passengers carried (billions/year) 6.2 billion 1.4 billion
Investment per year (Rs Cr) 37500 150000
Number of 8300 18300
Locos
Freight Wagons 225000 578000
Passenger Coaches 45000 44000
Employees 1.7 3.18
Maximum Speed (kms/hr)
Freight Trains 100 120
Passenger Trains 160 300
Reminds you of the Hare and the Tortoise story! Except that here, the Hare is way ahead of the Tortoise. And the Hare is moving ever faster all the time while the Tortoise is falling behind!!
[ 本帖最后由 Rundstedt 于 2009-3-10 00:40 编辑 ] |
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发表于 2009-3-10 00:45:04
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